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How to Write an Argumentative Essay: Everything Students Need to Know
Author: Michael Perkins
Updated: Oct 9, 2025
min
Table of contents
As a rule of thumb, an argumentative essay presents a type of writing discussing a controversial topic, in which the author is expected to choose and support one point of view. The author is expected to support the ideas with real evidence. Normally, an argumentative essay structure includes: introduction, main body, and conclusion.
If you want to write an argumentative essay that truly works, here’s where to begin:
- Choose the topic.
- Create a thesis statement.
- Research the topic.
- Create a detailed outline.
- Present your argument in body paragraphs.
- Present the other side of the argument.
- Revise and edit.
This article offers you a descriptive set of argumentative essay tips, and by reading it, you will know how to create essays step-by-step. Keep in mind that if you are stuck or simply short on time, Essay Writers can always help. Our platform is the best fit for students in need of the right kind of academic guidance.
Argumentative Essay: Definition
An argumentative essay is students’ chance to take a stand and prove it. Students are expected to pick a topic, choose a side, and then spend the rest of the essay convincing their reader they’ve got the better argument. But it’s not just about opinions, you’ll need strong facts, clear reasoning, and examples that make your case rock-solid. Think of it like a debate on paper: calm, confident, and backed by real evidence.
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Argumentative Essay Structure & Approaches
There are several ways to structure an argumentative essay. The one you use depends on the complexity of the topic and your audience. Some essays require a bold, straightforward argument. Others work better when they break things down step by step. That’s where the classic argumentative essay format comes in, with three common approaches to choose from: Aristotelian, Toulmin, and Rogerian. Let’s look at them closely.
Aristotelian
The Aristotelian format (named after Aristotle) is your go-to when you want to argue your point loud and clear, especially if you know some readers might not agree with you. It’s all about picking a side, stating it confidently, and then backing it up with solid logic, facts, and examples.
Structure:
- Introduction and thesis: Start with a hook and end it with your thesis statement.
- Arguments and evidence: Lay out your main points and supporting evidence.
- Counterargument and rebuttal: Explain why the other side is less convincing.
- Conclusion: Restate your thesis.
Toulmin
The Toulmin format is all about breaking your argument into smaller pieces and showing how they fit together. Here, you lay out your claim, back it with evidence, explain why it matters, and even cover any possible pushback. It’s super useful when you’re dealing with tricky or grey-area topics where there’s no obvious right or wrong.
Structure:
- Claim: The main point you're making.
- Grounds: The evidence or examples that support your claim.
- Warrant: The logic that connects your evidence to your claim.
- Backing: Any extra support that helps prove your warrant or strengthen your logic.
- Qualifier: A statement that shows the limits of your claim (e.g., “in most cases,” or “usually”).
- Rebuttal: A clear response to possible objections or counterarguments.
Rogerian
The Rogerian format is all about empathy and finding common ground. Instead of jumping straight into your argument, you start by showing you understand the other side’s perspective. Then, you gently introduce your own viewpoint and try to meet in the middle. It’s perfect for emotional or sensitive topics where being relatable and respectful works better than trying to “win” the argument.
Structure:
- Opposing viewpoint: Start by explaining the other side’s perspective.
- Common ground: Point out any shared values or goals.
- Your position: Present your own argument.
- Connection: Show how your view still honors the shared values.
- Conclusion: End on a respectful note that leaves room for continued conversation.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay in 7 Steps
Before you even start typing, take a minute to map things out. Having a clear structure from the beginning makes the whole writing process way easier. A solid plan helps you stay on track, build a strong argument, and make sure your reader doesn’t get lost along the way. You can use this plan to figure out how to write an argumentative essay step by step. Check this out:
- Choose a controversial topic.
- Choose a clear side.
- Research and find evidence.
- Follow the argumentative essay structure.
- Express your opinion clearly.
- Address the other side.
- Edit & Revise.
Choose a Controversial Topic
You should choose a topic that people don’t all agree on. Topics that have easy answers obviously won't make for compelling argumentative essays. Therefore, avoid discussing topics that are purely factual. Find something that gives you room to take a stance.
Choose a Clear Side
Your thesis (the point you'll be trying to prove) should be specific, so the reader has no question about what side you're on. A vague idea or a topic that's too broad won't give your essay any direction. The more focused your thesis, the easier it'll be to build your argument.
Back Up With Evidence
Don't rely on opinions alone. Pull research from credible sources: journal articles, expert quotes, data, and case studies. It's that solid evidence only that can make your argument stronger. Don't forget to keep your sources organized as well, so you can easily refer to them.
Follow a Clear Structure
The argumentative essay structure is simple, but you need it to keep everything in order. Begin with a strong introduction that concludes with your thesis statement. It’s the main point your whole essay will argue. Then, build your body paragraphs so each one tackles a separate idea with supporting evidence. Finally, wrap things up with a conclusion that feels fresh (not just a copy-paste of your intro). Pro tip: sketch out a solid outline before writing. It’ll keep your thoughts organized and stop you from getting lost halfway through.
Argumentative Essay Outline
Any academic paper needs a proper structure to work. A good outline helps keep everything in order. Taking a little more time building a solid outline before you start writing will save you a lot of stress later on. Here's what an outline of an argumentative essay typically includes:
- An introduction
- Body paragraphs
- A counterargument paragraph
- A conclusion
Introduction
The introduction is the very first impression your reader has of your paper. It needs to pull them in right away and give background information so they have some context about the topic.
- Start with a hook: something surprising or thought-provoking
- Add a bit of background so the reader understands what’s at stake
- End with your thesis statement
Body Paragraphs
This is where you build your argument one point at a time. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence and focus on a specific point. Each one of these points must, of course, be backed up by solid supporting evidence.
- Begin with a topic sentence that sums up the point you’re making
- Use facts, examples, data, or quotes to support your claim
- Explain how the evidence connects to your main argument
- Make sure each paragraph flows naturally into the next
Counterargument Paragraph
You need to show you've also seen the other side and analyzed their points. After your body paragraphs, take a moment to address the counterarguments and prove your position by holding your arguments up against pushback.
- Introduce a common argument someone on the other side might make
- Offer a clear and logical response or rebuttal
- Use a respectful tone
- Connect to your thesis to reinforce your main point
Conclusion
The conclusion brings your argumentative essay to a close. It's your final word where you remind your reader what you've been arguing and leave them with something to think about after they finish reading your paper.
- Rephrase your thesis so it feels fresh, not repeated
- Touch on your key points without rehashing everything
- End with a final thought or even a question to leave them thinking
If you’re still struggling with building your argumentative essay and need a little extra help from the professionals, you can always ask our college essay writers for writing help.
What Kind of Claims Make a Strong Argument?
While writing an argumentative essay, you should build it around a central idea or claim. However, not all claims do the same thing. The type of claim you make shapes the kind of evidence you’ll need to back it up. Some claims aim to prove a fact, while others try to shift someone’s opinion or belief.
Knowing the difference helps you build a stronger case. One of the best argumentative essay writing tips is to match your claim type with the right kind of support, such as data, expert insights, or real-life examples.
Check out these claims:
- Fact – Says whether something is true or false. Use this when you're trying to prove something based on evidence.
- Value – Says something is good or bad, right or wrong. This fits topics where you're making a moral or cultural judgment.
- Policy – Says something should be done differently. Works for essays that push for change, like new rules or public decisions.
- Cause and Effect – Shows how one thing leads to another. Useful when discussing consequences or explaining trends.
- Definition – Focuses on how we understand or interpret something. Works well for topics where people don’t agree on what a term really means.
Tips for Writing an Argumentative Essay
At this point, you already know how to create your outline and structure your paper so your arguments hold up. What you actually need this time are the smaller moves that make your essay more convincing. These tips are for that in-between stage after you start writing, but before you hit submit.
- Don’t start with your strongest argument. If you throw your biggest point right away, your essay might reach the peak too early. Lead into it and use the first body paragraph for momentum.
- Use topic sentences like road signs. Readers should know where each paragraph is going from the first line.
- Avoid stacking quotes. For example, two back-to-back quotes without any explanation in between are a red flag. Don't forget to explain why the quotes are there.
- Make sure your rebuttal isn’t a strawman. Don’t choose a weak counterargument just so it’s easy to tear down. Pick something someone might actually believe and take it seriously.
- Read it like someone who disagrees with you. Pretend you’re on the other side. Where would you poke holes? Where would you roll your eyes? That’s where you need to go back and revise.
Argumentative Essay Example
Take a look at this real example of an argumentative essay so you know how your paper should look.
See also: Business Partnership Examples
Final Thoughts
Writing a strong argumentative essay takes more than just picking a side. You’ve got to make your case with clear arguments and solid proof. Here’s a simple checklist to keep your writing on track:
- Be clear and specific with your thesis.
- Support your points with real and strong evidence.
- Keep each paragraph focused on one idea.
- Include a counterargument and respond to it fairly.
- Wrap it up with a conclusion that adds value.
- Always take time to revise and improve.
And if things get confusing or you’re not sure what to do next, EssayWriters has your back. Our expert writers can help you through every step.
FAQs
What Is an Argumentative Essay?
An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing where you take a clear stance on a topic and support it with strong evidence. Your goal is to persuade the reader that your viewpoint is valid. To do that, you’ll need facts, examples, research, and logical reasoning. Unlike a simple opinion piece, an argumentative essay requires structure, usually an introduction with a thesis, body paragraphs with claims and support, and a conclusion that wraps everything up convincingly.
What Are 3 Parts of an Argumentative Essay?
An argumentative essay has three essential parts: the introduction, body paragraphs, and the conclusion.
- - The introduction presents the topic and ends with a strong thesis statement.
- - The body paragraphs each focus on a single point supporting your argument, backed by evidence and analysis.
- - Finally, the conclusion restates your thesis and wraps up the argument without repeating everything word-for-word.
How to Start an Argumentative Essay?
To start an argumentative essay, begin with a hook (a quote, question, or fact) that grabs attention. Then, give a brief overview of the topic to set the context. Finally, end your introduction with a clear thesis statement that outlines your position on the issue. This roadmap prepares your reader for the argument you’ll make in the body paragraphs.
Sources
- Giulianetti, L. (2019). Suggestions for Developing Argumentative Essays | Student Learning Center. Berkeley.edu. https://slc.berkeley.edu/writing-worksheets-and-other-writing-resources/suggestions-developing-argumentative-essays
- Tips for Organizing an Argumentative Essay. (n.d.). Judith L. Beumer Writing Center. https://www.valpo.edu/writingcenter/resources-for-students/handouts/organizing-argumentative-essay/
